In Talmud (Yoma 39b) it says that for 40 years before the destruction of the Second Temple, a scarlet thread in the second temple no longer turned white, indicating divine rejection.
Now the second temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70AD, and 40 years before this is 30AD. That is a special date as it is one of the two years when Jesus is supposed to have been crucified, either in 33AD or 30AD.
After the destruction of the temple Jews split into Messianic and Rabbinic. For the Messianic the destruction of the temple didn't mean much as Jesus was the new temple and his sacrifice marked the end of the period since Abraham of sacrifice. Jesus also said himself he was the fulfilment of the Covenant of Moses and represented a New Covenant with God. So for the Messianic Jews the destruction of the temple was actually in line with the transformation that Jesus had heralded and the change of covenant from between God and just tribes of Israelites to the whole world and anyone who had faith.
Meanwhile conservative Jews rejected Jesus and remained orthodox following as best they could the traditional teachings. Without a temple no sacrifice and atonement for sin could be performed, but they transformed their practice to continue as best they could the traditions of Moses.
The thing is it is pretty clear that God is done with the Covenant of Moses. His destruction of the temple should have been a clue that things were changing. Perhaps this doesn't quite work as the first temple was rebuilt and looking into God's plan for that requires further research. However the failure of all sacrifices after Jesus should have been a clue that the temple was not defunct. In addition to this things started to go very badly for the Rabbinic Jews. It is almost as though God has sort not just to destroy the temple but all those who continued to disobey him and remain stuck with the Old Covenant. Where Abraham was prepared to sacrifice his son when asked, the Rabbinic Jews have expressly rejected God and preferred to stick to tired old traditions.
So there is a case that the Jews are already dead, and the true Jews who obeyed God now continue as Christians.
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